History Of Guidance And Counseling

Causes of drug addiction and the battle within

FOR many adolescents the transition of adulthood runs smoothly, for others the problems and conflicts have a long history. In Pakistan there are more than 5 millions drug addicts out of which 70% are adolescents. Adolescent age is the age of storms and stress. The youth of today is confused and perplexed and many young adults fail to achieve the aims and objectives they desire. They look for guidance-They seek and search for a glowing light but it leads to uncertain relationships and escape mechanisms from reality. Interviews with drug addicts young in age reveal the facts that they are usually run aways from schools and colleges. Have undergone overprotected or rejected rearing practices in homes. Inferiority complexes, failures in life lack of guidance-Weak family units Lack of communication with parents especially with their fathers. Lack of discipline in educational institutions and many personality problems have been found as the causes of drug addiction.

Drug addiction is increasing each day and day by day along with tensions-Depressions - frustrations - failures – poverty and lack of guidance to the youthful energies which needs channelization. Even women and girls of all income groups are prone to drugs and need immediate help to save generations. Out of the total 10% are women addicts. It is not the time to relate and discuss, it is the time to do something about it. To find remedies before this enemy within our homes and surroundings defeats us to surrender. A few remedies to combat drug addiction.

1. Play grounds to be built in each community to help in channelizing the energy of our youth. Energy channelization is essential to divert our youth from negative thinking and negative actions. It will also serve as an occupational therapy for the elders of the community as the managers of the sports activities and the sports play grounds. Friendly matches may help in better relations with each community and develop tolerance.

2. Strong Family units to be build up between parents and children. Communication among family members is essential to keep the young people away from the polluted environment and negative forces outside the homes. A meal together in a day can help in understanding problems of family members. Love -Patience- Trust and a friendly understanding is all that is required to save their children from the dangers that prevail outside and near by.

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PSYCHELein: History of Guidance

The history of school counseling around the world varies greatly based on how different countries and local communities have chosen to provide academic, career, college readiness, and personal/social skills and competencies to K-12 children and their families based on economic and social capital resources and public versus private educational settings in what is now called a school counseling program.[1] In the United States, the school counseling profession began as a vocational guidance movement at the beginning of the 20th century. Jesse B. Davis is considered the first to provide a systematic school guidance program. In 1907, he became the principal of a high school and encouraged the school English teachers to use compositions and lessons to relate career interests, develop character, and avoid behavioral problems. Many others during this time did the same. For example, in 1908, Frank Parsons , "Father of Vocational Guidance" established the Bureau of Vocational Guidance to assist young people in making the transition from school to work. Guidance was started by Parsons in Boston and Eli Weaver in New York. In the 1940s, the U.S. used psychologists and counselors to select, recruit, and train military personnel. This propelled the counseling movement in schools by providing ways to test students and meet their needs. Schools accepted these military tests openly. Also, Carl Rogers ' emphasis on helping relationships during this time influenced the profession of school counseling. In the 1950s the government established the Guidance and Personnel Services Section in the Division of State and Local School Systems. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I. Out of concern that the Russians were beating the U.S. in the space race, which had military implications, and that there were not enough scientists and mathematicians, the American government passed the National Defense Education Act, which spurred a huge growth in vocational guidance through large amounts of funding. Since the 1960s, the profession of school counseling has continued to grow as new legislation and new professional developments were established to refine and further the profession and improve education.

Guidance and counseling in schools, foundations and processes

A SHORT HISTORY OF GUIDANCE SERVICES IN AMERICAN SCHOOLS A general view Guidance began to emerge as an identifiable aspect of the American educational ...

Encyclopedia of counseling

Personnel and Guidance Journal, 59, 183–185. Gladding, S. (1984). History and systems of counseling: A course whose time has come. ...

Counseling in the Asia-Pacific Region

Guidance, Counseling, and Counselor Education in Malaysia ABDUL HALIM OTHMAN SHARIF AH BEEABOO BAKAR HISTORY The history of guidance and counseling in ...

Handbook of Research on Catholic Education

While other counseling and educational research journals, such as Counseling ... BRIEF HISTORY Vocational guidance began in 1908 and developed gradually but ...

Guidance and counseling around the world

The history of guidance in Nigeria is a short one. ... eventually led to the establishment of the present Guidance and Counselling Unit set up in January, ...